Approach to Retinal Vasoproliferative Tumor: A Case Report

Retinal Vasoproliferative Tumor

Abstract

Retinal vasoproliferative tumor (RVPT) is a rare benign retinal lesion that may be overlooked or misdiagnosed because of its variable clinical presentation and resemblance to other vascularized retinal tumors. We report the clinical features, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment outcome of a 46-year-old female patient who presented with decreased vision and floaters in the left eye for 3–4 months. Ophthalmoscopic examination revealed a red-orange peripheral retinal mass in the temporal region associated with overlying hemorrhage and shallow exudative retinal detachment. Ultrasonography demonstrated a hyperreflective retinal lesion measuring approximately 2–2.5 mm in thickness with surrounding exudative detachment, while fundus fluorescein angiography showed intralesional leakage, persistent perilesional exudation, and associated vascular proliferation. Optical coherence tomography confirmed exudative changes. After exclusion of secondary causes through systemic evaluation, a diagnosis of RVPT was established. The patient was treated with a combination of intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor injection, cryotherapy, and laser photocoagulation. At the one-month follow-up, marked regression of the tumor and resolution of the exudative retinal detachment were observed, with improvement in best-corrected visual acuity from 0.7 to 0.9. No recurrence was noted during an 8-month follow-up period. This case highlights the importance of multimodal imaging for accurate diagnosis and demonstrates that combined treatment modalities can be effective in managing RVPT with exudative complications.